tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34692669368874647082024-03-05T01:35:58.351-08:00Visible Foot TechnologyVisible Light Foreign TechnologyKoshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-75060170007359111382015-08-02T04:46:00.001-07:002015-08-03T02:15:34.828-07:00Horizontal Gene Transfer in Humans
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><font size="6" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">"Many animals, including humans, acquired essential ‘foreign’ genes from microorganisms co-habiting their environment in ancient times"</font></span><br><br><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><font size="7" style="background-color: rgb(255, 104, 0);" color="#800400">H</font><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">orizontal gene transfer is a process whereby organisms living within the same environment pass genes between one another. In contrast, conventional evolutionary genetics dictate that genes are passed on vertically down ancestral lines.</span></span><br><br><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">In single cell led organisms, this is a well known mechanism and thought to be the process whereby bacterial rapidly acquire antibiotic resistance. However, in a world first led by </span></span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Alastair Crisp from <em>the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, </em></span><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.3em;"><em>University of Cambridge</em> - a comparative study </span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); line-height: 1.3em; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">examined HGT in animals and humans, whereby 144 foreign genes were identified ie: human genes not from our ancestors</span><br><br>The study involved <br><br><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><u>Reference</u> :</span><br><br><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">1: http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/human-genome-includes-foreign-genes-not-from-our-ancestors</span><br><br> <br><br>
Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-91440150543462399382015-07-29T02:49:00.002-07:002015-07-29T03:36:46.189-07:00Space Propulsion<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"><b>RESONANT FREQUENCY THRUSTERS</b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">A new form of <b>electromagnetic propulsion</b> that does not require conventional reaction mass (eg. rockets & rocket like engines) or propellant (eg. Hall Thrusters).</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"><b>EM DRIVE</b></span><br />
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"Our measurements reveal thrusts as expected from previous claims after carefully studying thermal and electromagnetic interferences.<br />
"If true, this could certainly revolutionise space travel." <i><span style="font-size: x-small;">by Prof Tajmer , presenting his findings to the 2015 <a href="https://www.aiaa-propulsionenergy.org/" style="color: #234b7b; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics' Propulsion and Energy Forum and Exposition this week</a></span></i></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">It produces thrust by using solar power to generate multiple microwaves that move back and forth in an enclosed chamber. This means that until something fails or wears down, theoretically the engine could keep running forever without the need for rocket fuel</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">The EM Drive was developed by the <b>British inventor Roger Shawyer, </b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 12.8000001907349px;">director of United Kingdom (UK)-based Satellite Propulsion Research Ltd (SPR) </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">in 2001</span><br />
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<a href="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03390/em-drive_3390456b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03390/em-drive_3390456b.jpg" height="410" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 23px;">Various independent replication of the EM drive in China (</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 12.8000001907349px;">Chinese researchers from the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 12.8000001907349px; text-decoration: none;" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Polytechnical University</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 12.8000001907349px;"> (NWPU) in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 12.8000001907349px; text-decoration: none;" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 12.8000001907349px;"> in 2008 and 2013-14 have built, and confirmed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_resonant_cavity_thruster#cite_note-Yang_2014-13">EM drive effect</a>) </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 23px;">, and recently in Germany conclude that there is thrust produced.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">"Nevertheless, we do observe thrust close to the actual predictions after eliminating many possible error sources that should warrant further investigation into the phenomena. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">Our measurements reveal thrusts as expected from previous claims after carefully studying thermal and electromagnetic interferences. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">If true, this could certainly revolutionise space travel.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">"</span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 23px;"><b>CANNAE DRIVE</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 23px;">Invented by chemical engineer Guido Fetta</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 23px;"><b>CHINESE EM DRIVE</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />in 2010, Prof. Juan Yang in China began publishing about her research into EM Drive technology, culminating in her 2012 paper reporting higher input power (2.5kW) and tested thrust (720mN) levels of an EM Drive</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />In 2014, Prof. Yang’s papers reported extensive tests involving internal temperature measurements with embedded thermocouples.<br /><br />It was reported (in SPR Ltd.’s website) that if the Chinese EM Drive were to be installed in the International Space Station (ISS) and work as reported, it could provide the necessary delta-V (change in velocity needed to perform an on-orbit maneuver) to compensate for the Station’s orbital decay and thus eliminate the requirement of re-boosts from visiting vehicles. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 23px;"><br /></span></span>
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<a href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-04-19-010043-350x274.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-04-19-010043-350x274.jpg" height="500" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 23px;"><b>EAGLEWORKS, JOHNSON SPACE CENTRE</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dr. Harold “Sonny” White </span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 23px;"> leads the advanced propulsion research group, which built its own experimental EM Drive, leading to similar results; </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">presenting their groups test results on <a href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/04/evaluating-nasas-futuristic-em-drive/">July 28-30, 2014, at the 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference in Cleveland, Ohio</a></span><br />
<br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>HOW IT WORKS</u></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These drives use a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetron">magnetron</a> (recovered from home microwave ovens) to produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave">microwaves</a> which are directed into a metallic, fully enclosed conically tapered <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_factor">high Q</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_cavity">resonant cavity</a>.<br /><br />These drives have a greater area at one end of the device, and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_resonator">dielectric resonator</a> in front of the narrower end. They are designed to generate a directional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust">thrust</a> toward the narrow end of the cavity. They require an electrical power source to run the magnetron, but no other propellant.</span><div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i.e. These EM Drives are shaped like a truncated cone with directional thrust generated out the truncated cone/narrower end</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNf6l5TzvYQ1V5DX0TKWkYaQy8fPd9zOJgXz1KkKSShQqh0aW-YaDysiIR8pgTVHqEPi4hdsL8uLe_WrTMisiS6AxO2eVew8ZMQiBaZOM-nFUfuAbm8KP-ifWUIc0-yKWdTS1qIrho0Sc/s1600/Copper+Frustum+with+TM212+Resonant+Mode+Thrusting+Simulated+in+Custom+QVF-MHD+C-Plasma+Code.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNf6l5TzvYQ1V5DX0TKWkYaQy8fPd9zOJgXz1KkKSShQqh0aW-YaDysiIR8pgTVHqEPi4hdsL8uLe_WrTMisiS6AxO2eVew8ZMQiBaZOM-nFUfuAbm8KP-ifWUIc0-yKWdTS1qIrho0Sc/s320/Copper+Frustum+with+TM212+Resonant+Mode+Thrusting+Simulated+in+Custom+QVF-MHD+C-Plasma+Code.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Dr. White proposed that the EM Drive’s thrust was due to the Quantum Vacuum (the quantum state with the lowest possible energy) behaving like propellant ions behave in a MagnetoHydroDynamics drive (a method electrifying propellant and then directing it with magnetic fields to push a spacecraft in the opposite direction) for spacecraft propulsion.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Below is a updated 2012 design with Harold White of how a Alcubierre type drive could work</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3brNw9Ot6heLRI0gvMEo44P3LgMlOqgtwTD_qONkyqh8x0Et7sfMZLFYY-uNB3532CLknszH2Bet-IsJHOagZ4KwVcO_DAPXOX-R_9gm8RbGe2PIT_Ch4fJAA5PVVKODVhUvc248xj4/s1600/14305613177_9ef4f4e69d_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3brNw9Ot6heLRI0gvMEo44P3LgMlOqgtwTD_qONkyqh8x0Et7sfMZLFYY-uNB3532CLknszH2Bet-IsJHOagZ4KwVcO_DAPXOX-R_9gm8RbGe2PIT_Ch4fJAA5PVVKODVhUvc248xj4/s640/14305613177_9ef4f4e69d_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-47867648414498468812015-07-22T04:10:00.001-07:002015-07-29T03:05:07.706-07:00CERES<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Update ** July 21-25 2015</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Scattered light, described as a haze or bugs smeared on a windscreen effect were described </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">to emanate out of the reflected bright spots in Spot 5, that are not visible when out of direct communication in the Sun.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On a dwarf planet with an almost non existent magnetic field in vacuum..and an anomaloy that seems to contain a mini atmosphere..it suggests, containment within a bubble or dome?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">"If you look at a glancing angle, you can see what seems to be haze, and it comes back in a regular pattern," Dawn principal investigator Christopher Russell, of UCLA, said during a presentation Tuesday (July 21) at the second annual NASA Exploration Science Forum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">subsequently, it appears that Russell is cautioned, and a new statement is issued</span></div>
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<span style="color: #c10000; font-family: title-font; font-size: 20.1599998474121px; line-height: 30.2399997711182px;">“I was speaking from less than a handful of images, and the interpretation of the images is disputed by some team members. I would like the debate to go on internally before we make a pronouncement one way or the other. I of course have my personal opinion, but I am not always right.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Optical NanoResonator</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Interestingly, a new research article has just been released around the same time, with regards to a light amplification process that can resonate light 10 000 x more with a minuscule absorption</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An advanced highly efficient solar cell such as that from <a href="http://www.gizmag.com/nanoscale-light-amplification-wisconsin-madison/38435/">UMW</a> involving a optical nanoresonator could <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">realize extreme concentration of light at subwavelength nanoscale dimensions</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://journals.aps.org/prl/article/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.023903/figures/2/medium" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://journals.aps.org/prl/article/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.023903/figures/2/medium" height="624" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong>Overview</strong><br />
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Ceres was discovered in 1801, a massive body the size of Texas travelling between Mars and Jupiter, and is<span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> the only dwarf planet (between the a Sun and Neptune). It is perfectly round in shape, suggesting formation early within the solar system with a low density. </span><br />
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Exploration of Ceres, can hold the key to water within the middle solar system compared to other icy bodies. Currently it is being surveyed by the DAWN spacecraft undergoing it's 3rd lower orbital survey, following a <em>glitch*</em> during descent to lower orbit (July 2015)<br />
<span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Ceres geology features include</span><br />
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<li>Haze at Occator Crater (not jet or plume)</li>
<li>There are at least 5 bright spot locations</li>
<li>Bright spots: some appear to be depressions rather than craters (seen below)</li>
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<strong>Spot5:</strong> Mysterious complex of bright spots at Occator Crater</li>
<li>Distribution of bright spots appeared not consistent with impact</li>
<li>3 mile high conical structure (within a relatively smooth surrounding</li>
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* <em>Dawn and New Horizon spacecraft both suffered a glitch around the same time, the former during an attempt to enter a lower orbital mapping and the latter on pre flyby to Pluto</em><br />
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<a href="http://laps.noaa.gov/albers/sos/asteroids/ceres_rgb_cyl.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://laps.noaa.gov/albers/sos/asteroids/ceres_rgb_cyl.png" height="320" id="blogsy-1437593613092.8406" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/9-small-bodies/2015/20150521_PIA19547.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/9-small-bodies/2015/20150521_PIA19547.gif" height="548" id="blogsy-1437593613098.346" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Animation of 51 plates of Ceres</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/9-small-bodies/2015/20150522_PIA19559.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/9-small-bodies/2015/20150522_PIA19559.jpg" height="640" id="blogsy-1437593613103.1697" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Additional view of Spot 5 complex of bright spots</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35921" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35921" height="566" id="blogsy-1437593613141.6165" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Furrows leading up to the conical mound</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://i.imgur.com/l1tj16W.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://i.imgur.com/l1tj16W.gif" height="520" id="blogsy-1437593613074.1973" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RC3 view of the conical mound</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://i.imgur.com/Zo9tMJU.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://i.imgur.com/Zo9tMJU.gif" height="558" id="blogsy-1437593613120.9438" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bright spot - appears to be a depression rather than a crater</td></tr>
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<strong><br /></strong><strong><br /></strong><strong>DAWN spacecraft</strong><br />
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Dawn was launched in 2007 and will undergo 4 mapping orbits around ceres, and is powered by a ion engine<br />
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<a href="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/technology/2015/20150401_pia18922-DawnStill2_lg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/technology/2015/20150401_pia18922-DawnStill2_lg.jpg" height="360" id="blogsy-1437593613133.125" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/charts-diagrams/20150401_Capture3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/charts-diagrams/20150401_Capture3.jpg" height="480" id="blogsy-1437593613118.8875" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/charts-diagrams/20150401_NewOrbitCrop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://planetary.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/charts-diagrams/20150401_NewOrbitCrop.jpg" height="640" id="blogsy-1437593613062.484" width="634" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Dawn will conduct its studies from three lower orbital altitudes after RC3, taking advantage of the tremendous maneuverability provided by ion propulsion to <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/marc-rayman/20140430-dawn-journal-explaining-orbit-insertion.html" style="color: #0f5e7e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">spiral</a> from one to another. We presented previews last year of each phase, and as each approaches, we will give still more up-to-date details, but now that Dawn is in orbit, let’s summarize them here. Of course, with complicated operations in the forbidding depths of space, there are always possibilities for changes, especially in the schedule. The team has developed an intricate but robust and flexible plan to extract as many secrets from Ceres as possible, and they will take any changes in stride.<br />
Each orbit is designed to provide a better view than the one before, and Dawn will map the orb thoroughly while at each altitude. The names for the orbits – rotation characterization 3 (RC3); survey; high altitude mapping orbit (HAMO); and low altitude mapping orbit (LAMO) – are based on ancient ideas, and the origins are (or should be) lost in the mists of time. Readers should avoid trying to infer anything at all meaningful in the designations. After some careful consideration, your correspondent chose to use the same names the Dawn team uses rather than create more helpful descriptors for the purposes of these blogs. That ensures consistency with other Dawn project communications. After all, what is important is not what the different orbits are called but rather what amazing new discoveries each one enables</blockquote>
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Additional CERES imagery</span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">CROP and MAGNIFIED BRIGHT SPOT</span></strong></div>
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Source: <a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19562">PIA 19562</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35942" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35942" height="348" id="blogsy-1437593613104.9668" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpegMod/PIA19562_modest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpegMod/PIA19562_modest.jpg" height="480" id="blogsy-1437593613082.7678" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PIA 19562</td></tr>
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<strong>IMPACT BASIN</strong></div>
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Source: <a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19065">PIA</a>19065</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpegMod/PIA19065_modest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpegMod/PIA19065_modest.jpg" height="624" id="blogsy-1437593613067.09" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NASA Photojournal version</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35932" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35932" height="640" id="blogsy-1437593613132.6062" width="606" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reprocessing from original PIA19065 and turned 180 degrees and...you see domes instead of craters</td></tr>
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">Southern Hemisphere</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35955" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=35955" height="574" id="blogsy-1437593613123.5884" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Comparative Collage of Dwarfs and moons</strong></span></div>
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<em>Ceres (Rc3), Vesta, Mimas, Miranda, Enceladus, the Mars moons and Chariklo</em></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author: </span>Daniele Bianchino, Italy<br />
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<a href="http://mondialieni.altervista.org/Ceres_Vesta_Cerere_planet_pianeta_enceladus_mimas_Chariklo_asteroid_comet_Bianchino_Daniele_Dawn_Lutetia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="" src="http://mondialieni.altervista.org/Ceres_Vesta_Cerere_planet_pianeta_enceladus_mimas_Chariklo_asteroid_comet_Bianchino_Daniele_Dawn_Lutetia.jpg" height="526" id="blogsy-1437593613104.1196" width="640" /></a></div>
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Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-27059418510211600652015-07-21T09:13:00.002-07:002015-07-21T09:13:35.310-07:00Mystery of the 13 zebra stripes of Earth<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://media.eurekalert.org/multimedia_prod/pub/web/95505_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://media.eurekalert.org/multimedia_prod/pub/web/95505_web.jpg" height="320" width="640" /></a></div>
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in 1960, NASA <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;">detected mysterious plasma waves in the Van Allen radiation belts, the donut-shaped rings surrounding the Earth that contain high-energy particles trapped by the planet's magnetic field.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;">Half a century later, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;">Yuri Shprits, a research geophysicist in the UCLA College, and his colleagues discovered the structure of these waves when they are very close to the equator. The scientists observed 13 equally spaced lines measured by two European Space Agency Cluster satellites, and found highly structured wave spectrograms that look like a zebra pedestrian crossing.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;">The European Cluster spacecraft observed ring distributions of protons in space that provide the energy for the plasma waves. Modelling of waves based on these observations provided additional evidence that waves are excited by so-called proton ring distributions resulting in wave generation of such high energy particles into the atmosphere</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;"><br /></span>Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-72308750815983632802015-07-21T08:17:00.002-07:002015-07-30T13:49:11.591-07:0067P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">FROZEN PRIMORDIAL SOUP</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3_WwtZIX4gKECbZh06G-O6-7IZ8iqviygaBr-D3Y5wN2noUXQsubvccOZF3shixjvPkH56qHUSIGo9Nbz-IGLERn-xOMFTcJXSVFfGwBogMuqbhM08ZV21eI7tauyT8vAvMi4k88qQFI/s1600/Descending_to_a_comet.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3_WwtZIX4gKECbZh06G-O6-7IZ8iqviygaBr-D3Y5wN2noUXQsubvccOZF3shixjvPkH56qHUSIGo9Nbz-IGLERn-xOMFTcJXSVFfGwBogMuqbhM08ZV21eI7tauyT8vAvMi4k88qQFI/s1600/Descending_to_a_comet.gif" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">**Update: 30th July 2000 BST**<br /><br />"One of the big questions, though, is this material made on the comet? Or is it made first in space and then incorporated into the comet? We don't know the answer to that yet."</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Results from the lander's seven instruments are published in a special collection of papers in the journal Science.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>67P Composition</u></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Born from the detritus of the primordial solar system more than 4.5 billion years ago, the icy comet has a fluffy coating over a hard-grained surface pocked with <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jul/01/rosetta-spacecraft-enormous-sinkholes-comet-67p">gas-spewing sinkholes</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CLAIWIlWsAA7a0_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CLAIWIlWsAA7a0_.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">Electromagnetic signals fired through the centre of the comet showed the object had a uniform structure that was highly porous. The interior is <i>75% empty space</i></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><b><u>PHILAE INSTRUMENTS</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">One team running a device called <b>COSAC</b> <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aab0689">found no fewer than 16 organic compounds</a>, four of which had not been known to exist on comets before</span></div>
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<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Hydroxyethanal</b> is "an efficient initiator in the prebiotic formation of sugars", they write.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Methanenitrile</b> is "a key molecule in the prebiotic synthesis of amino acids and nucleobases and even offers an elegant pathway to sugars".</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>PTOLEMY </b>discovered a simple polymer of <b>formaldehyde </b>(in the same ratio of carbohydrates to sugars found on Earth</span></li>
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<h3>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ancestral material</span></b></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Prof Ian Wright of the Open University, who leads another instrument, Ptolemy, said the results were "really interesting".</span><br />
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It indicated the presence of a polyoxymethylene (POM), an organic polymer, or chained compound, on the comet surface.</div>
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POM has been suggested as playing a key role in prebiotic chemistry. But so far Philae has produced no evidence of amino acids, which chain together to form proteins, the building blocks of life.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"I see this cometary material that we're analysing as frozen primordial soup. It's the kind of stuff that if you had it, and warmed it up somehow, and put it in the right environment, with the right conditions, you may eventually get life forming out of it.<br />"What we may be looking at here is our abiological ancestral material - this is stuff that went into the mix to produce life.<br />"In many ways it's quite a humbling thing to be working on, because this is life before life happened."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>PTOLEMY</b> - instrument discovered polyoxymethylene, a string of relatively simple molecules forming a polymer of formaldehyde: (C-2H-O) repeated. <i>"That same ratio of elements occur in carbohydrates and sugars so it's very interesting and implicated in the biological cycle we have on Earth."</i></span></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqeA3lmYs2GzaIQFErbSVZMvANSyDD59nt64uW5jcUDMfxI7bChlBIAnWu-gA97nrFTH02QLxAqbLRhZWGUmb6Gn7s0pIz1jcR982PRe-rtwYDx7dg7s7LheBuJWi2GH5UloogoKpSuU/s1600/_84584866_84576917.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqeA3lmYs2GzaIQFErbSVZMvANSyDD59nt64uW5jcUDMfxI7bChlBIAnWu-gA97nrFTH02QLxAqbLRhZWGUmb6Gn7s0pIz1jcR982PRe-rtwYDx7dg7s7LheBuJWi2GH5UloogoKpSuU/s640/_84584866_84576917.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">PHILAES FATE</span></b><br />
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Newly published data show that Philae came to rest with three feet pointing up in partial shadow where it was unable to keep itself warm or generate sufficient electricity from its solar panels. Just three days after landing it shut down.</div>
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Although the <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/space/11232827/New-hope-for-Rosetta-mission-after-scientists-reconnect-with-probe.html" style="color: #234b7b; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">probe began communicating again on June 24 </a>it has been silent since July 9 and scientists now fear it will never make contact again.</div>
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<a href="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03392/rosettacomet_3392839b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03392/rosettacomet_3392839b.jpg" height="640" width="640" /></a></div>
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"The landing site is dominated by metre-scale blocks, with a large elongated cliff, starting around one metre away. These large structures are responsible for Philae being partially shadowed, drastically limiting its energy intake for both warming up the internal compartment and supplying the solar panels."</div>
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However the final touchdown site was much harder than the original surface which meant that a hammer and drill on board Philae could not penetrate ground and gather samples as planned.</div>
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The image team, led by Dr Jean-Pierre Bibring, from the Universite Paris-Sud in France, described how Philae seemed to be "in a hole about its own size, partially shadowed by nearby boulders or cliffs".</div>
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One foot was probably stuck in a "local cavity", another rested on a sun-lit surface, and the third was "pointing upward".</div>
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<a href="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03392/rosetta1_3392838b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03392/rosetta1_3392838b.jpg" height="422" width="640" /></a></div>
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SOURCE:</div>
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<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 23px;"><a href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Science_on_the_surface_of_a_comet">ESA</a></span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 23px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko</span></span></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgN6_mJeEDXQLu_2HDRSdkyQiRDXJ95BjmDSMLimNHgDTZxQy11LmiANVT4yp0tXikdnqUFtigyB84r9mqFnkJj24uI4VgTJtheY7GbDYzAWaKXdqRAFdCk8ZOKnnyiEwf-vYd8ZRUWA6xwYtS97ElkVWimeB8pMw=" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgN6_mJeEDXQLu_2HDRSdkyQiRDXJ95BjmDSMLimNHgDTZxQy11LmiANVT4yp0tXikdnqUFtigyB84r9mqFnkJj24uI4VgTJtheY7GbDYzAWaKXdqRAFdCk8ZOKnnyiEwf-vYd8ZRUWA6xwYtS97ElkVWimeB8pMw=" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtR9O_9UEm_JEw33_SoGVPb7S7LiXGqaZHMGfi5io3YQ6Px_nPQ49EM-wE8XkWTamR_X0aXNSwgQFZ7zd6LqxXBTgPgriBDqZuG0pTw8egUGxHSYiO84togOdvA3bSW-wfETbnYVe6_yg/s1600/_84584872_comet_on_28_april_2015_navcam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtR9O_9UEm_JEw33_SoGVPb7S7LiXGqaZHMGfi5io3YQ6Px_nPQ49EM-wE8XkWTamR_X0aXNSwgQFZ7zd6LqxXBTgPgriBDqZuG0pTw8egUGxHSYiO84togOdvA3bSW-wfETbnYVe6_yg/s640/_84584872_comet_on_28_april_2015_navcam.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiloTyp8evSSY89Qrk03RhLxSVT8jcGQITjhc_nvddRRkeo1EJcvj_Z7p7_tWlUOIqths8VJDxilK1XLRAzzqK5SLGWn3G1o_VpuDfkfNjubnYhgGAlLo8KhES87eBho8rjoWj8ipvTmvU/s1600/_84579526_comet_on_14_july_2015_navcam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiloTyp8evSSY89Qrk03RhLxSVT8jcGQITjhc_nvddRRkeo1EJcvj_Z7p7_tWlUOIqths8VJDxilK1XLRAzzqK5SLGWn3G1o_VpuDfkfNjubnYhgGAlLo8KhES87eBho8rjoWj8ipvTmvU/s640/_84579526_comet_on_14_july_2015_navcam.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://i2.wp.com/www.fromquarkstoquasars.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/comet-67p.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/www.fromquarkstoquasars.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/comet-67p.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/150514155056-rosetta-comet-67p-15-4-15-super-169.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/150514155056-rosetta-comet-67p-15-4-15-super-169.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="http://sci.esa.int/science-e-media/img/46/Rosetta_NavCam_comet_67P_20150426_625.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://sci.esa.int/science-e-media/img/46/Rosetta_NavCam_comet_67P_20150426_625.jpg" height="640" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="http://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/11/12/1415800855265/Rosetta-close-up-of-comet-012.jpg?w=700&q=85&auto=format&sharp=10&s=b5e4408d6cd3e786937ce795c86bd116" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/11/12/1415800855265/Rosetta-close-up-of-comet-012.jpg?w=700&q=85&auto=format&sharp=10&s=b5e4408d6cd3e786937ce795c86bd116" height="384" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-NZI_J55hg4toqvm71HMMSaFLYHtU5_6dDxqD6A29zVSr_bEIkpoCZORy0WOenV_-IaGaYJ20vWOcE4mP-z-M-QGQVxrlDGSBmCt7sWpOzsuBStbyfvmTAL1awtnRXoV2e74vYZjxhqI/s1600/First_measurements_of_comet_s_water_ratio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-NZI_J55hg4toqvm71HMMSaFLYHtU5_6dDxqD6A29zVSr_bEIkpoCZORy0WOenV_-IaGaYJ20vWOcE4mP-z-M-QGQVxrlDGSBmCt7sWpOzsuBStbyfvmTAL1awtnRXoV2e74vYZjxhqI/s640/First_measurements_of_comet_s_water_ratio.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">is unusual.</span><br />
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<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The images alone suggest its no normal asteroid. But before we get into all that, let us journey across the timeline of 67P. <span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">Comet 67P has two distinct lobes, attached by a thinner neck. The larger of the two lobes, the body, and the smaller lobe, known as the head, give the comet a </span><a href="http://www.space.com/26566-rubber-ducky-comet-rosetta-spacecraft-video.html" style="background-color: white; color: #3366cc; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">look similar to a plastic rubber duck</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">. It appears as though this double-lobed shape is common among comets.</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://i.space.com/images/i/000/047/939/i02/Comet_closeup_19_October_2014_NavCam.jpg?1433207962" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.space.com/images/i/000/047/939/i02/Comet_closeup_19_October_2014_NavCam.jpg?1433207962" height="640" width="640" /></a></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">67P <a href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Rosetta_fuels_debate_on_origin_of_Earth_s_oceans">water vapour</a> is different (from other planets and earth)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/12/rosetta-success-origins-of-life-comet-67p-solar-system">origin of life</a> has been strongly hinted at </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">organic rich black crust (beneath ice) suggests <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jul/06/philae-comet-could-be-home-to-alien-life-say-top-scientists">alien microbial life forms</a>*</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">orbiting <i>Rosetta</i> spacecraft is said to have picked up "</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 12px;">strange clusters of organic material that resemble viral particles"</span></li>
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* <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 12px;">The comet has a black hydrocarbon crust overlaying ice, smooth icy “seas” and flat-bottomed craters containing lakes of re-frozen water overlain with organic debris.</span><br />
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<a href="http://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/30a7462911a4d3cc6d8816aad351d3f89fcece94/0_323_3231_1940/master/3231.jpg?w=1225&q=85&auto=format&sharp=10&s=71472acb9fba3e062925c5220d79f6d7" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/30a7462911a4d3cc6d8816aad351d3f89fcece94/0_323_3231_1940/master/3231.jpg?w=1225&q=85&auto=format&sharp=10&s=71472acb9fba3e062925c5220d79f6d7" height="384" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Ambition</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Prior to landing on 67P, this promotional film was released by ESA. And therein, lies a scripted tale, easter eggs and an ambition (for humanity) by no other than Aidan Gillen "littlefinger" of HBO Game of Thrones fame. Date 24th Oct 2014</span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/H08tGjXNHO4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H08tGjXNHO4?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">In the name of old Gods</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><u>Update: July 19 2015</u></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvLurekIpiwzYYOmeAMY13NtrPFvgArTHaEwCfgYcZe6429VmufI-Db146iff-TLsCi3Vwz5yQk5ZHjblTuj7z0LYf7T0yxtwuVICMr6JGFMH02pwWwSF2zC-PMf1pMzZJ0Aw6cAFqipA/s1600/comet-67p-activity-january-31-march-25-2015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvLurekIpiwzYYOmeAMY13NtrPFvgArTHaEwCfgYcZe6429VmufI-Db146iff-TLsCi3Vwz5yQk5ZHjblTuj7z0LYf7T0yxtwuVICMr6JGFMH02pwWwSF2zC-PMf1pMzZJ0Aw6cAFqipA/s640/comet-67p-activity-january-31-march-25-2015.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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67P is divided into 19 parts and named after Egyptian gods following the use of the Rosetta stone of the Rosetta spacecraft.<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">"Just as the Rosetta Stone provided the key to an ancient [civilization], so ESA's Rosetta spacecraft will unlock the mysteries of the oldest building blocks of our Solar System — the comets"</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">"We picked Hapi for the neck since Hapi is the Nile god, and we figured that he should separate the lobes in the same way that the Nile splits Egypt into an eastern and western side,"</span><br />
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Regions on the body lobe of the comet are named after Egyptian gods, and regions on the head are named after goddesses, according to El-Maarry. So far there are 19 regions, which fall into five categories: dust-covered regions (Ma'at, Ash and Babi); one region covered in pits and circular structures that are underlain with brittle materials (Seth); regions with big depressions (Hatmehit, Nut and Aten); smoother regions (Hapi, Imhotep and Anubis); and those with rocklike surfaces (Maftet, Bastet, Serqet, Hathor, Anuket, Khepry, Aker, Atum and Apis).</div>
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The region names are mostly those of lesser-known Egyptian gods and goddesses, which El-Maarry said was intentional because many of the more popular deity names have already been used by other space missions. </div>
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Source: <a href="http://www.space.com/29980-rosetta-comet-67p-egyptian-gods-names.html">Gods among the stars</a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Rosetta 3D view of 67P</span></b><br />
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<script height="352px" src="http://player.ooyala.com/iframe.js#ec=5neWV5cDopadz6Hte2ZBb4c1Ux52JkI1&pbid=91ac0f6dcbdf466c84659dbc54039487" width="540px"></script>
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<a href="http://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/07/21/science/21milner-a/21milner-a-master675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/07/21/science/21milner-a/21milner-a-master675.jpg" height="456" width="640" /></a></div>
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The search to prove if "life exists beyond earth" was heralded by Internet investor Yuri Milner, physicist Stephen Hawking, cosmologist and astrophysicist Martin Rees, SETI research pioneer Frank Drake, co-founder and CEO of Cosmos Studios Ann Druyan, and UC Berkeley astronomy professor Geoff Marcy<br /><br />Russian internet entrepreneur Yuri Milner has offered $100 million over the next 10-years to detect signals from other technological civilizations in the universe whilst developing new digital signal processing technology to monitor 10 billion radio frequencies simultaneousl based on field-programmable gate arrays—a type of reconfigurable computer chip—and graphical processing units (GPUs) to crunch the 10 gigabytes of data per second </span><div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The two initiatives launched today include</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">Breakthrough Listen, will be the most powerful search ever taken for </span><a href="http://www.space.com/9788-search-intelligent-life-4-key-questions.html" style="background-color: white; color: #3366cc; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">signs of intelligent life beyond Earth</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">. The project will survey the 1 million stars in the Milky Way closest to Earth, as well as the 100 closest galaxies.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Breakthrough Message, will fund an international competition to determine the content of <a href="http://www.space.com/26332-nasa-new-horizons-one-earth-message.html" style="color: #3366cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">messages sent from humanity to alien civilizations</a>.</span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-7463148121198706082015-07-20T11:05:00.002-07:002015-07-20T11:19:53.725-07:00Space Explloration: Antimatter Source entrapped by van Allen belt<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://news.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb_article_l/public/article_images/sn-antiproton.jpg?itok=Dlwco_1l" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://news.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb_article_l/public/article_images/sn-antiproton.jpg?itok=Dlwco_1l" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: start;">Antimatter reservoir.</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: start;"> A newly discovered belt of antiprotons lies within the innermost portion (pink) of Earth's magnetosphere, the large bubblelike region interior to the blue arc that is controlled by the planet's magnetic field.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">An antimatter belt, which consists of antiprotons trapped by Earth's magnetic field several hundred kilometers above the planet's surface, may ultimately become a key source of fuel for missions venturing beyond the solar system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><b>Antiprotons </b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">in 2011 researchers </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> analyzing data from the 2006 </span><a href="http://pamela.roma2.infn.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=207" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e4376; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; text-decoration: none;">PAMELA</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> (Payload for Antimatter/Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> identified 28 antiprotons with kinetic energies between 60 million and 750 million electron volts. That number is far higher than scientists would expect to see shooting toward Earth from distant reaches of the galaxy. </span><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205/737/2/L29" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e4376; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; text-decoration: none;">The antiparticles appear to form a thin belt around Earth</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">, gyrating around Earth's magnetic field lines and bouncing back and forth between the planet's north and south magnetic poles. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The belt, which extends from a few hundred to about 2000 kilometers above Earth. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> T</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">he antiprotons in the belt are nearly a trillion times more valuable than diamonds,</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Previously, the anti proton source was postulated to be sourced from annihilation of stars being ripped apart by Neutron stars and blackholes (<a href="http://www.space.com/4837-source-mysterious-antimatter.html">1999 ESA INTEGRAL</a>) and recently rogue antimatter found in <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/rogue-antimatter-found-in-thunderclouds-1.17526">thunderclouds</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">The study titled ‘The Discovery of Geomagnetically Trapped Cosmic-ray Antiprotons’, published in Astrophysical Journal Letters, suggests that a thin band of antiprotons has been observed in the Van Allen belt surrounding Earth, and thus being able to be trapped by Earths magnetic field</span><br />
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<br />
Source: <a href="http://news.sciencemag.org/2011/08/antimatter-belt-found-circling-earth">Antimatter Belt</a> and <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205">Astrophysics Journal, letters</a>Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-82866512065797559282015-07-20T10:30:00.001-07:002015-07-20T10:30:29.586-07:00Origin - Ancient Star Map: Kitora Tomb, Asuka circa 65BC<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8kYALB_A33y0aUAzCvA4k6F8Tz34m5Wm9qbDBOXilmaKaWQigeOmR5FmWz7F4-Ky7gs64WKwa9MPizIq7yaMvvYExrD1SM80DldsMP6J4yiX469e8vNzuyPcg8VuXDTNv9q6npOo6SLg/s1600/starchart1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="558" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8kYALB_A33y0aUAzCvA4k6F8Tz34m5Wm9qbDBOXilmaKaWQigeOmR5FmWz7F4-Ky7gs64WKwa9MPizIq7yaMvvYExrD1SM80DldsMP6J4yiX469e8vNzuyPcg8VuXDTNv9q6npOo6SLg/s640/starchart1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgheIeWmhGrH30UDpyfenjJaxdZFFuGXx37xzh5MfXKFSTjqLF5RbAdx2qGom4OGAxhJXoHy6cBoXoIfM6-NhJ_qzx8L9ilfeJL_bkb7VCqGSg66FPp7rRdPvCjFSHCOvcyjbJdGDhcefg/s1600/chart2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="598" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgheIeWmhGrH30UDpyfenjJaxdZFFuGXx37xzh5MfXKFSTjqLF5RbAdx2qGom4OGAxhJXoHy6cBoXoIfM6-NhJ_qzx8L9ilfeJL_bkb7VCqGSg66FPp7rRdPvCjFSHCOvcyjbJdGDhcefg/s640/chart2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.5636348724365px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
Ancient star chart from Kitora Tomb, Asuka 65BC, depicting sky from seen from China, from locations such as modern-day Xi'an and Luoyang with recognisable star patterns</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.5636348724365px; margin-top: 6px;">
Source: <a href="http://www.asuka-park.go.jp/kitora/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.asuka-park.go.jp/kitora/</a><br /><br />Note: The star map shows clear celestial patterns not seen in older star maps eg. 17,000 year old Lascaux cave paintings show </div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Proxima Nova', Proxima-Nova, proxima-nova, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px;"> </span><a data-component="externalLink" data-s-object-id="articleBody" href="http://www.astrofacil.com/Historia_Astronomia/Lascaux/images/Pleiades-Taurus-Orion.jpg" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; -webkit-transition-property: all; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease; background-color: white; color: #b80000; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Proxima Nova', Proxima-Nova, proxima-nova, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: all; transition-timing-function: ease;" target="_blank">Pleiades, Taurus, Orion and Aldebaran</a><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">It has designations for the horizon, equator and ecliptic circles, as well as recognisable patterns of stars.</span><div>
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Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-4091172424301182102015-07-18T23:43:00.001-07:002015-07-20T10:22:35.054-07:00Earth Moon System<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitmoLsGp8vqXR0aGLMmIxghgmZk0fjTJ1rHHWj1gRr_DJUW8akB17dCHdabco0iDwXhZ2v5RAY2g4Qw2lLtZ5pM5A7kr3ytayCAHSMb94B-aBsoWMLjU_LY7wJzOfNIUeXpLW0011EIXg/s1600/VF_EMS1B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitmoLsGp8vqXR0aGLMmIxghgmZk0fjTJ1rHHWj1gRr_DJUW8akB17dCHdabco0iDwXhZ2v5RAY2g4Qw2lLtZ5pM5A7kr3ytayCAHSMb94B-aBsoWMLjU_LY7wJzOfNIUeXpLW0011EIXg/s640/VF_EMS1B.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Earth, Moon and Sun relationship contain some interesting numbers, ratios and occurrences (that suggest a highly ordered and rearranged system). In particular the numbers 366, 273, 400 and 100. Eg. the Earth is 3.66 times larger than the moon and the Sun 400 times larger.</div>
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<u style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 1.3em;">The E.M.S relationship is as follows</u><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 1.3em;">:</span></div>
<ol>
<li style="border: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Moon = 273</span></li>
<li style="border: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Earth = 366</span></li>
<li style="border: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Sun = 40, 000</span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSp92qU_8mxMHwlBeOSvbEwjpUJihXlEcpRmIzVkyQM1ZlMuGFDavFGS9ispibaCVAxj6reKRNXJ4xqi28tyYfXTyG5gqJGZafzVAG6FXKmbuc33_dGcqrYsWT_W_UpEvJ0o-bCLc3d0/s640/blogger-image-1899331414.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSp92qU_8mxMHwlBeOSvbEwjpUJihXlEcpRmIzVkyQM1ZlMuGFDavFGS9ispibaCVAxj6reKRNXJ4xqi28tyYfXTyG5gqJGZafzVAG6FXKmbuc33_dGcqrYsWT_W_UpEvJ0o-bCLc3d0/s640/blogger-image-1899331414.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 25px; line-height: 35px;">366 EArth</strong><br />
<em>The Earth appears to have an association with the number 366</em><br />
<strong style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></strong><br />
<ul><strong style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
<li><strong>36.6</strong> <span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">°C </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">= Average human body temperature</span></li>
<li><strong>366</strong> days (Phaitos disc calender *)</li>
<li><strong>366</strong> Lunar days</li>
<li>The Earth turns <strong>366</strong> times, each orbit of the Sun</li>
<li>Earth/Moon diameter = <strong>3.66</strong></li>
<li>366/Speed of Light <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 15.3600006103516px;">≈</span> 100km/ms **</li>
<li>11/3 = 3.666</li>
<li>Reciprocal: Earth has 10 000 days to 366 lunar days</li>
</strong></ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">--------------Reference--------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">* the Phaitos Disc </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">contains on the front 30 divisions/31 divisions on the back - which flips every 40 years</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">**c, speed of light = 292, 792, 458 </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">m/s</span><sup style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2 </sup><br />
<sup style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</sup><br />
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<span style="font-size: 25px; line-height: 35px;"><strong>273 MOON</strong></span><br />
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<em>The MOON appears to have a 273 correlation</em><br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong><span style="color: #7f6000;">Sun</span></strong> circumference: <strong>273</strong>0 000miles</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong><span style="color: #7f6000;">Sun</span></strong> acceleration: 273 m/s<sup>2</sup></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Moon</span></strong> = 27.3% Earths Size (1/4th)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Moon</span></strong> acceleration: 273 </span>cm/s<sup>2</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Moon</span></strong> orbits Earth and turns on it's axis every 27.3 earth days</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong>273</strong> days in human pregnancy</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong>27.3 </strong>days in menstrual cycle</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong>273.2 </strong><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><strong>°C </strong>= absolute zero</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">273K = absolute phase change (water)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">1/273 per </span><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">°C = expansions eduction of gas</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><u>Square the circle</u>: a circles: square diameter is <strong>27.</strong></span><strong>3% </strong><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">longer</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">Inscribing a<u> circle within a square:</u> the four corners make up <strong>27.3% </strong></span><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;">of total area</span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">400</span></strong><br />
<ul>
<li>The moon is a 1/40th scale model of the Sun</li>
<li>The moon is 400x from the Sun (relative to Earth)</li>
<li>Sun/Moon diameter = 400.2923</li>
</ul>
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">100</span></strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Earth's orbit = 1/10,000th the speed of light, c</li>
<li>Light travels across Earths disc in 1000 seconds </li>
</ul>
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">60 (sexagesimal Sumerian origin)</span></strong><br />
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Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-79837214077902982015-07-17T07:01:00.000-07:002015-07-21T06:41:13.989-07:00Pluto and Charon<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">PLUTO </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">& CHARON</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Updated: July 18th 2015</span></div>
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<b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Plutos Mysterious Icy Region</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Pluto contains a mysterious range of <span style="background-color: white; color: #263034; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">11,000-foot mountains composed of frozen water ice, but its surface and the surface of its largest moon, Charon, are surprisingly devoid of large impact craters. This indicates to scientists that both bodies could be geologically active.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #263034;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #263034;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">As Pluto and Charon are tidally locked, this implies there is an inadequate heat exchange mechanism to explain such geological features. Thus Pluto may be quite young, est 100 million years old, geologically active or have another unknown source of such featureless plains</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #263034;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Meanwhile, New Horizons also imaged the smaller moons of <span style="background-color: white; color: #263034; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"> Nix, Hydra, Styx, and Kerberos</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/pics/03_bagenal_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" src="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/pics/03_bagenal_02.jpg" height="358" width="640" /></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Pluto has some amazing geographical and planetary features</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Geologically, appears powered by unknown mystery source. Due to the fact no impact craters are seen, it must be geologically active or fairly young eg 100 million years old</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nitrogen atmosphere</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Contains a <b>Plasma tail</b> (similar to Venus and Mars) showing solar wind interaction and atmospheric loss rate</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Mystery Energy Source</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">July 18th 2015 update</span></b></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">"They have surface areas that have no craters. There must be <a href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/siberia-yamal-peninsula-mystery-crater-has-20-baby-craters-1489192" style="margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">craters</a> [from meteorite impacts] unless they are young. We also see fault lines, scarps [cliffs] and other tectonic features such as rift valleys on both Pluto and Charon. It is unmistakable."</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">"Where does the energy come from? We don't know. We have theories. We flew by Pluto on Tuesday [14 July]. We made the discovery on Thursday and now it's Saturday. We just don't know and we cannot formulate theories that fast."</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Pluto is covered in a deep layer of water ice which, frozen by the planet's -230C surface temperature, behaves like rock.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Source: <a href="http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/Science/article1582927.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2015_07_19">The Sunday Times</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>The Heart Of Pluto (Tombaugh Regio)</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV9mDxdhtGedL_iL-E4SaxgouTXajz5GM812G2oQ7y6i8bFkUKN6Qa-KNFFMP7cEfdNhAMm0d744J1GTJSRsHo0Mf7OOLbupGOEnXS36f2_lWK70HgjYb3SHae0_hy91UcJ6Cg9mX5HeI/s1600/pluto_heart_of_the_heart_03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV9mDxdhtGedL_iL-E4SaxgouTXajz5GM812G2oQ7y6i8bFkUKN6Qa-KNFFMP7cEfdNhAMm0d744J1GTJSRsHo0Mf7OOLbupGOEnXS36f2_lWK70HgjYb3SHae0_hy91UcJ6Cg9mX5HeI/s640/pluto_heart_of_the_heart_03.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Within this icy region, lies a vast, <i>craterless</i> plain that appears to be no more than 100 million years old. North of this region lies the Sputnik Planum (sputnik plain). Below is a simulated flyover showing the icy details and new wonders</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This simulated flyover of Pluto’s Norgay Montes (Norgay Mountains) and Sputnik Planum (Sputnik Plain) was created from New Horizons closest-approach images. Norgay Montes have been informally named for Tenzing Norgay, one of the first two humans to reach the summit of Mount Everest. Sputnik Planum is informally named for Earth’s first artificial satellite. The images were acquired by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) on July 14 from a distance of 48,000 miles (77,000 kilometers)</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">PLUTO NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE & PLASMA TAIL</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">14th July 2015</span><br />
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Cold, Dense Region of Atmospheric Ions Behind Pluto</span></h2>
<span style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;">the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument observed a cavity in the solar wind — the outflow of electrically charged particles from the Sun — between 48,000 miles (77,000 km) and 68,000 miles (109,000 km) downstream of Pluto. SWAP data revealed this cavity to be populated with nitrogen ions forming a “plasma tail” of undetermined structure and length extending behind the planet</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Source: <a href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20150717-2">JHUAPL</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>CHARONs Mysterious Depressed Mountain</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieschhu0pbNJVdEwzkyNncox75XNOLFCFyFM41MBdJHfUmjOIo2SyIqmRDKT2FygqHcwAB7A8jQ-1vUFKNqNLLSYDBNqxjXdAS5RSs0gBbTX-TXxNJlbpQpeh1IXJQoFw4v8Tq4-XqOww/s1600/nh-charon-inset-1024x691.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieschhu0pbNJVdEwzkyNncox75XNOLFCFyFM41MBdJHfUmjOIo2SyIqmRDKT2FygqHcwAB7A8jQ-1vUFKNqNLLSYDBNqxjXdAS5RSs0gBbTX-TXxNJlbpQpeh1IXJQoFw4v8Tq4-XqOww/s640/nh-charon-inset-1024x691.jpg" width="640" /></a></span><br />
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A newly released Charon photo, which was taken by NASA's New Horizons probe during its <a href="http://www.space.com/29850-new-horizons-pluto-flyby-complete-coverage.html" style="color: #3366cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">epic Pluto flyby</a> Tuesday (July 14), reveals a mountain rising out of a big hole on the 750-mile-wide (1,200 kilometers) moon's surface.</div>
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The feature, which is visible at the upper left-hand corner of the inset, is "a large mountain sitting in a moat," Jeff Moore, of NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, said in a statement.</div>
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Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469266936887464708.post-59195488647688521332015-07-17T04:01:00.000-07:002015-07-17T07:01:48.881-07:00Development of Enchanted Objects<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://oyster.ignimgs.com/wordpress/stg.ign.com/2013/09/IB3_091713_1600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://oyster.ignimgs.com/wordpress/stg.ign.com/2013/09/IB3_091713_1600.jpg" height="240" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Convergence, the great technological design mantra and the worship of glass slabs of data may not necessarily be the intuitive everyday seamless magical experience for a connected Internet of Things for everyday objects.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">More apps and interfaces do not help enhance our everyday experience. Instead, a deluge of data, emails, spam, newsflashes, weather reports ..they all could be displayed in a subtle persuasive technology, instead of a pervasive ever present spam of information.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“It took some time for me to understand why the smartphone, while convenient and useful for some tasks, is a dead end as the human-computer interface,” Rose writes in Enchanted Objects. “The reason, once I saw it, is blindingly obvious: it has little respect for humanity.”</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“The big interface change enabled by these purpose-built, bespoke things is they can be so much simpler. They don’t have to do as much. I’ve always been drawn to human-computer interaction and interface design, making objects and services that interact in ways people feel are natural and intuitive.”</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“The Apple Watch suffers from trying to do much,” Rose says. “The idea of an enchanted object really starts with something that’s ordinary. You start with something that’s familiar, and you’re adding a new sensor or display or feature.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The indispensable parts that come next include simplicity and a sense of delight.</span><br />
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Source: <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/16/internet-of-things-connected">IOT and Enchanted Objects</a></div>
Koshimehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04153710800206515311noreply@blogger.com0